Uterine Fibroids: Symptoms and Treatment Options

Introduction to Uterine Fibroids, It’s Symptoms and Treatment Options Available for Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids, sometimes called leiomyomas or myomas, are noncancerous growths that form in or around the uterus. While they are frequent, especially among women of reproductive age, their effects vary greatly. Some women are asymptomatic, while others have severe symptoms that impair their quality of life. This blog discusses the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for uterine fibroids.

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that develop from the uterus' smooth muscular tissue. They range in size, from microscopic seedlings that go undetected to enormous masses that can deform the uterus.

Types of Uterine Fibroids:

• Intramural Fibroids: The most frequent type of fibroids is intramural fibroids, which form within the uterine wall.
• Subserosal fibroids: forms on the uterine surface and can grow large enough to change its shape.
• Submucosal fibroids: forms beneath the uterine lining and frequently result in excessive monthly bleeding.
• Pedunculated fibroids: They are linked to the uterus by a slender stalk and can grow inside or outside the uterus.

Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

The existence of fibroids does not necessarily cause symptoms. However, when symptoms appear, they can include:

1. Menstrual Issues

• Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding)
• Prolonged intervals lasting more than one week
• Painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea)

2. Pelvic Pain and Pressure

• Persistent pelvic discomfort.
• Pressure on the bladder causes frequent urination.
• Pressure on the rectum, resulting in trouble with bowel movements.

3. Reproductive Concerns

• Infertility or trouble conceiving
• Recurrent pregnancy loss.
• Complications during pregnancy, such as miscarriage or premature labor

4. Other Symptoms

• Back or leg pain caused by strain on adjacent nerves.
• An enlarged abdomen that resembles pregnancy

Causes And Risk Factors OF Uterine Fibroids

The precise cause of uterine fibroids is unknown, however various factors contribute to their formation:

1. Hormones

Estrogen and progesterone are the hormones that govern the menstrual cycle promote fibroid growth. They tend to shrink after menopause, as hormone levels drop.

2. Genetic Factors

A family history of fibroids raises the risk of developing them.

3. Lifestyle and Environmental Factors

• Diet rich in red meat and low in green veggies.
• Obesity
• High Blood Pressure

4. Age and Ethnicity

Fibroids are more common among women in their thirties and forties. African-American women are more likely to acquire fibroids, which generally appear at a younger age and cause more severe symptoms.

Diagnosis of Uterine Fibroids

• Fibroids: They are normally diagnosed using a combination of the following criteria:
• Pelvic examination: Detecting abnormalities in the form or size of the uterus.
• Ultrasound: It is a non-invasive imaging technology that confirms the presence and location of fibroids.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Produces detailed images of fibroids, which are particularly valuable for treatment planning.
• Hysteroscopy: involves introducing a narrow scope into the uterus to inspect the lining and detect submucosal fibroids.
• Blood tests: To detect anemia caused by heavy monthly flow.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

The size and location of the fibroids, the intensity of the symptoms, the woman's age, and her desire to have children all influence the treatment option chosen. The treatment options range from conservative care to surgical intervention.

1. Watchful Waiting

Regular monitoring is commonly recommended for women with tiny fibroids and no or mild symptoms. Fibroids tend to diminish following menopause.

2. Medications

• Hormone Therapies: To control bleeding, use birth control tablets or hormonal intrauterine devices. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists can reduce fibroids by generating a transient menopausal state.
• Non-hormonal options: Tranexamic acid is used to treat severe bleeding. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are used to relieve pain.

3. Minimal Invasive Procedures

• Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE): effectively shrinks fibroids by blocking blood flow to them.
• Focused Ultrasound Surgery (FUS): It is a non-invasive treatment that uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to eliminate fibroid tissue.
• Myomectomy: It is a surgical procedure to remove fibroids while keeping the uterus. It can be done laparoscopically, hysteroscopically, or with open surgery.

4. Surgical Interventions

• Hysterectomy: It is the entire removal of the uterus. It is the only definitive cure for fibroids, but it is typically used when other therapies fail or are ineffective.
• Endometrial Ablation: which destroys the uterine lining to stop severe bleeding, is not recommended for women who want to have future pregnancies.

5. Alternative Therapies

Acupuncture and herbal supplements can help with symptoms, but their efficacy is not well supported by scientific research.

Lifestyle and Home Remedies For Uterine Fibroids

In addition to medical therapies, several lifestyle changes can help manage fibroid symptoms:

• Dietary Changes: Increase your intake of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains. Avoid processed foods and limit red meat consumption.
• Exercise: Regular physical activity can help you maintain a healthy weight and control your hormones.
• Stress Management: Yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can all help to reduce stress, which may have an impact on hormone balance.

Related : Common Causes of Pelvic Pain in Women

Uterine fibroids are a frequent gynecological disorder with various symptoms and treatment options. While some women may not require intervention, others can benefit from specialized medical or surgical therapies. Early diagnosis and effective management can dramatically enhance one's quality of life. If you suspect you have fibroids or are experiencing symptoms, see your doctor for an accurate diagnosis and a specific treatment plan.

At Dr. L H Hiranandani Hospital, we understand how uterine fibroids can affect a woman's health and well-being. Our trained gynecologists give cutting-edge diagnostic and treatment choices that are suited to your specific needs. Visit us today for compassionate care and practical solutions to help you reclaim your quality of life.